RA ENERGY FDN.

OFF AXIS PARABOLA

Solar swarm a seminar on the Solar Hydrogen Economy built by you. This becomes the salt and textile Gandhi strategy to subtract from corporatism.
http://raenergy.igc.org/solarswarm.html

Here is a piece that gives you the skinny. We designed it to be hand built
by anybody who has made molded items from plaster statues to Jell-O deserts or has
worked with concrete, fiberglass and resin plastics.

Subject: HYDROGEN RATIONAL
Send reply to: ramyers@igc.apc.org

Here is a <snip> from HYDROGEN BY WE THE PEOPLE which was
posted in the late eighties on an igc conference.

Ra Energy Fdn.
Raleigh Myers
Worksheet bio
http://raenergy.igc.org/bio.html
Blog
http://raenergy.blogspot.com/

'Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it.
BOLDNESS has genius, power and magic in it.' - Goethe

Since the early 70's we were involved in both photo voltaic and thermal
solar . The photovoltaic work was in plasmionic deposition (thin film) of
silicon with Gallium . This still is in research and if it is
successful it will be the big breakthrough.

However it takes more land in photo voltaics to do the same work
that a hybrid concentrator collector farm will do. For under developed
countries it would mean they would be tied to the manufacturing nations
instead of choosing a technology they could manage themselves. A
concentrator collector can provide direct power to many tasks such as
pumping, air pressure, process heat, ice making etc. without factory made electric
motors. A hybrid solar concentrator can take advantage of a multiple
function absorber, hot water, oil , steam, ammonia for ice making-refrigeration

and multi spectrum high efficiency photovoltaics that require

concentrated heat, bimetallic electric, heat source
refrigeration, direct Stirling and some in concert. In large remote
applications electric to Hydrogen and desalinization of water with the
waste heat is a unique configuration for a solar concentrator. This would provide
the average user-producer a variety of energy forms, not just electricity.
This makes the concentrator a first contender for large operations and
further justifies the land appropriation.

In the electrolysis of polluted water the corruption of the electrodes is a way

of mining minerals and impurities from the electrolytes _ Gallium and Telluride etc.

are a bonus, in the Central South West US mine runoff areas, att. Hopi Navaho

In the mid 70's the RA ENERGY FOUNDATION was assembled as
an informal and nonaligned (not beholding to the supply side ) think tank
to find the answers to the realities of life support.

Our effort was to factor to the lowest common denominator some of
the appropriate technologies that were perhaps passed over by more
profitable ways of doing things and finding a way to reintroduce them.
A rigid substrate off axis focusing trough concentrator collector
that could be produced by almost any civilization past or present and was
modular is one of the things we chose to present.

OFF AXIS PARABOLA ALBEDO

CONCRETE CONCENTRATOR COLLECTOR

Not because we thought it was the only way to solve to days problem
but something that could have been done years ago instead of the
Edison-Morgan mess we ended up with. There is a surplus of most of the
materials we chose.

Off axis(the absorber at the bottom of the unit rather than in the
middle of the curve) because it doesn't shade the mirror, this is because
of the bulk of the multipurpose absorber and to accommodate a hyperbolic
curve which needs very little tracking . Rigid because of the ease of
simple mold type fabrication and durability.

Starting at the beginning the ancients gave us polished and metal
faced stone functioning as concentrators capable of melting
things and starting fires. To duplicate and add a few new touches from the
interim we mold made (poured) a 100 sun concentrator collector out of
Ferro concrete with self sticking mylar coated aluminum foil as the mirror
surface, and an absorber from 1.5 in. non galvanized steel pipe the kind used
for gas or water pipe available anywhere the world around. We calculated the
angle, created a template from the computer generated curve, made a concrete
mold and fabricated multiple copies 8ft. by 2ft. 1-2in. thick that are
joined to form troughs to whatever length and facing the equator.

To keep the exercise authentic (so anybody could do it )we hand
mixed small batches of sand peastone and Portland cement enough for 1
8ft.* 2ft. section. We poured 6 sections to make 96 sq. ft. 10 meters for
the sake of universality.
1 cu.yd. = 27 cu.ft. almost a cu.meter of concrete
10- 94lb. sacks portland cement (Strong mix + fudge) 50.00
16ft. 1 in. black pipe $1/lineal ft. 16.00
100 sq.ft mylar coated aluminum foil 5mil 25.00
32sq.ft.aluminum 12mil. for absorber shield 32.00
misc. nuts, bolts, rods, steel, sand aggregate etc. 150.00

. Total all retail $273.00 late seventies cost

However, in bulk(ship loads), cement powder is $1 a sack, pipe and the
misc. at least half and recycled materials even less.
Total if done on a community level $150 for approx.100 sq.ft.is $1.50 per
sq. ft. cost of materials bought in bulk and some recycled. Labor is
simply sweat equity or the going wage. This is a unit that will capture
about 300,000 BTU a day, enough energy (2 gallons fuel oil equivalent a
day ) for one household if some common sense is applied which is
addressed later in the posting.

The BTU energy from the solar collector is way over sixty percent
efficient when cogen and appropriate use is factored in and not counting
the cost ie. free. The comparable BTUs in fossil fuel is wasted to the tune
of ninety percent on average. In other words less than ten percent efficient for most duties. Why can't we rate a solar collector for its theoretical efficiency if fossil fuel isn't rated at it's actual efficiency. Contrary to some popular beliefs, the Planet operates on the energy from the sun _ 127.7 Watts 300 Btu Per Square Foot which is the solar constant. This energy is fixed at the rate at which sunlight is reflected away from the planet.

btu.html

To understand this on a national level and how it relates to our solar budget.2000 sq.miles is one unit (100sq. ft.) per person in the United States approx. 100Sq.Ft. of concentrator = 2 gallons of diesel a day equivalent BTU or a little less than half of what is consumed in the first world today. Less will be consumed as we organize the infrastructure consolidations imminent in the shift strategies.

Today in the US we use 4 gallons of diesel equivalent BTU per day per person.

The solar budget will dictate a consolidation of foot print events reducing the energy per person by 80%. The Solar Hydrogen Economy explains how the solar budget can be addressed while providing a universal standard of living, which is sharable to our children of the universe who have aright to be here.

Yes we use the theoretical of 140,000 BTU per gallon of diesel. But the diesel is only 5% efficient where the rubber meets the road while they argue the theoretical efficiency of solar. The Solar Budget is where we stifle the meatheads and carbon emitters - we can't continue to destroy the planet along with your partnership in creation.

Keep reading to see some figures:

20,000 sq. ft of collector per acre X $1.50sq. ft. $30.000 mat./acre
# of rows vary by latitude and terrain due to shading)
640 acres per sq.mile $19,200,000mat./sq.mi.
2000 sq.mi $38,400,000,000 material
If we built our own systems at wholesale prices for materials
> this would be the bottom line at.$1.50 per sq.ft.. A few days of oil.
This replaces the fossil fuel use side of the system and most of the
resource use. The electric to gas side costs is less as the project gets
larger. Converting nukes to solar, fossil fuel polluters, converting
regular diesel and gasoline generators to steam makes use of already
manufactured machinery. A lawnmower engine converted to steam
with a automotive alternator can serve as a home or farm electric system.
A Stirling free piston generator with 2 or 3 moving parts is a simple
system that can be produced in any country and it works right on the
absorber of the concentrator, at the end user site and for transportation

one unit design does all..

There are various small steam turbines such as those sold in the
whole earth catalogue and elsewhere. The hybrid absorber of the concentrator
can have a Stirling hot head , Stirling by hot oil, IR photovoltaics , BI
metallic electric, reciprocating steam conversions, Refrigeration cycle
engines, ranging from the cost of conversion of recycled units $100 for a
home unit(lawnmower motor) to a larger unit such as a converted gasoline
welder to steam for an acre solar farm costing a few hundred dollars for
the motor generator and $2000+ for tanks, electrodes and pressure pumps
for Hydrogen.

Groups of people in different locations interested in
pioneering and building their own systems from scratch and then teaching
others to do the same via the Internet, would geometrically spread the technology and get
millions of people contributing to the hybridization of the concept. A
large contingency of experimenters crosstalking can configure the
ultimate system in a short time, a global think tank. In the past people
only did this kind of thing during a war.(like right now)

Solar swarm a seminar on the Solar Hydrogen Economy built by you. This becomes the salt and textile Gandhi strategy to subtract from corporatism.
http://raenergy.igc.org/solarswarm.html

When groups of solar farmers network, the real stuff will come out.
Millions of people have not had a forum for their stored up ideas for
years, it will parallel the Danish windmill and the WW2 effort Also you
don't have the Govt. interference and delays that goods for sale do,
this is for personal use. What works works, so spread it around just like
during the war. "WE" have to make it work They won't.

The prohibitive costs of solar energy devices and accessories
reflects in the traditional method of producing things.
All the research done behind closed doors the patents to protect the
investors and so called inventors, the portion for bankers, the burden
charges for engineering, manufacturers profit, dealership with salesmen
profits, and of course the tax. To profit from this exercise do it
yourself. Now your ideas?

Solar swarm a seminar on the Solar Hydrogen Economy built by you. This becomes the salt and textile Gandhi strategy to subtract from corporatism.
http://raenergy.igc.org/solarswarm.html

NOTE: "WE" have been hyped to focus on the wholesale figure of $20-$40-$100
a barrel for oil concealing entropy, the profit, taxes, damage,
depreciation allowances, and subsidies.
We use 40 barrels of oil equivalent energy per person per year in the
U.S. Scientific American Article in the September issue.

NOTE:42 gallons /barrel X $5/gallon = $210 a barrel the European price.
$200 a barrel for oil equivalent energy is an arbitrary figure
representing a portion of the total retail cost of energy with tax.
There is no reliable estimate of what it will cost to clean up the mess
left by our fossil fuel and nuclear boondoggle nor the human suffering
caused by the combustion. How much is a trashed planet worth?
This is to give you an idea of the volume of the supplies needed for
getting rid of fossil fuel. Other materials can be used but are more
expensive and harder to use, besides we have a surplus of cement!
1 cu. yd concrete for a unit(100 sq. ft.)
200 cu.yds concrete(sand and aggregate added) per acre
128,000 cu.yds. concrete per sq. mile.
256,000,000cu.yds.concrete for 2000 sq.mi.of concentrator collector
This is approx. 120,000,000 tons of concrete powder(no sand and
aggregate) a one time use which represents the surplus U.S. capacity for 3-4 years
(Surplus is the unused capacity of the U.S. cement industry of 40 million tons a year
(Pit & Quarry/April 87)

Steel for pipe and rerod(screen and wire) is a small fraction of
normal yearly use of steel in the U.S.. And we can use scrap.
Aluminum supply for the mirror is a few months of recycled beer cans.
1-2 cans per sq. ft. approx..

When we justify the energy to manufacture the concrete powder and
misc. materials to produce the collector and the tonnage moved it
pays back with the energy to just mine, move, and process fire fuels in a
year or two without the endless dependence on them. Then include
the clean up after and the billions of dollars military expense(the peace
dividend) it takes to keep the haves from the have-nots(protect the oil) and
the tonnage moved for that fiasco..See MADHOUSING dev.humansettle
available on econet

When we justify the cost to build this type of device it amortizes
with longevity, the rigid substrate whether in concrete, fired
clay, foam, pressed paper or resin composites will out last most structures
on earth making the exercise a one time capital expenditure for many
generations to benefit. Their weight holds them down in high wind and is
a protection against upset from animals.

The multi tasking absorber can take advantage of the direct sun band on

a transfer fluid in the direct target pipe as well Infrared (Lead Tin Telluride)

and high efficiency photovoltaics (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide) need

concentrated sun and heat.

The best way to get the most out of the land is by utilizing all

the heat from the concentrator for storage, process heat, desalinization,

refrigeration-ice etc., solar steam to electric plus the photovoltaics using \

the oven effect of the compound absorber even the wind shield on the

absorber can be enhanced to let the heat trough to the trasfer pipes and

feed light and heat directly to the photovoltaics.

The gallium, aluminum, arsenide multy layer photo cell breakthrough is 31%
efficient and requires a concentrator collector. 20% in the field
( Science News 8/20/88)
The wear, operating costs, and maintenance amounts to less
than the taxation on the present energy system. This still doesn't include
the cost of the wear and tear to the environment, medical expense due to
stress and disease from the burning and the refining and mining of co2
based fuels.

To justify the land use for the solar system we become aware of land
used for our present system of surrogate energy supply. Start with the
thousands of sq.miles of land ruined by coalfields and storage, the
thousands of sq.miles of oil lease land kept from living area, thousands
of sq. miles of land ruined topside and water tables and aquifers lost
for posterity. This amounts to hundreds of thousands of sq. miles of land
on shore and off shore, and thousands more sq.miles if we try to become
self sufficient on agi-fuel and syn-fuel.

To Retrofit the US with solar concentrator collectors providing the conversion to the Solar Hydrogen Economy. There are many other methods of supplying the electricity for the electrolysis but fewer that would give the cogeneration benefits that concentrators give. You can go above and read down to see how it goes together but check this out first for the overview. The 2000 sq. miles reflect some infrastructure consolidation which is inevitable with the 20/80 resource discrepancies and the climate disruptions due to global warming.

We talk of two gallons of Diesel equivalent. A gallon of Diesel is perhaps five percent efficient where the rubber meets the road. The concentrator with full absorber technology(PV with Stirling) can be over fifty percent efficient using the sun but with cogen and the fact that it is free, minus usual machinery depreciation tied to any equipment, makes solar way more efficient than any fossil fuel uses. When the Hydrogen synergy plays out, we create a whole new ball game. The water, the ease of transmission, the firewood advantage, the pollution factors etc. we become at one with the solar budget _ we only have one planet.

For the sake of convivial tooling let us call the basic 10 meter
100sq.ft. Concentrator A UNIT or ONE HOUSE POWER
Sufficient energy to power a house with some conservation, passive
techniques deployed, with some energy logic.
2,000sq. miles gives almost a unit of housepower per citizen of the U.S.
256,000,000 units. $150-$500 a person a one time expense.
Theoretically the equivalent of 2 gallons of fuel a day before conversion
for every man woman and child in the country.

At $5 a sq ft.($500 a unit for 256 million people) it would cost $128
billion dollars possibly including the generators.
At $10 a sq. ft.($1000 a unit for 256 million people) it would cost $256
billion dollars possibly 1/2 the Hydrogen system.(1/2 the S&L ripoff).

And now the Iraq war.

If we figured another $1000 per person for retrofitting a portion of the
transportation and housing stock to operate on a solar Hydrogen budget
(the other 1/2 of the system)it would be a little over $500 billion
dollars 1/4 of a year of the carbon fuel energy budget in the U.S..
At $2,000 a person(10,000) per household) for the unit and the retrofit =
the S&L give away which is just for the simple protection of usury and
the politicians couldn't give it away fast enough. What is the answer for
self sufficiency in energy?

$2,000 =$5.47 a day for one year is all we ask.
For a house hold of 5 the national debt with the S&L ripoff is over
$60,000 (and doubles every 7 years at 10% average interest). much of
which involves fossil fuel one way or another. Now add $40,000 a year to
that for the energy ripoff. .They used to say the business of the U.S.
was business, now the largest growth industry in the world is PRE NATAL
DEBT. It is common knowledge that the third world debt was windfall
profits from oil, loaned at extremely high interest rates. How much of
our debt is laundered oil windfall???***

40 barrels a year, 4.5 gallons of oil equivalent energy per person per day is

what we consume today in the US.

It will be quite a bit less as the systems fail and people stay home.

With $200 a barrel coming shortly we can expect to change our minds

about the status quo. An energy system that can be constructed by the

people themselves planet wide, without investor capital after the

system fails, is what is needed. Click on the retrofits hyperlink below to see how this works.

If we allocated the $8000 per person($40,000 per household at $200 pb for fuel use

some of which is included in goods and services) for just one
year for the Solar Hydrogen system and the retrofits , we could safely say we
would be totally converted to Hydrogen, including a large portion of the
hybrid electric transportation. Don't say we can't afford it because we
spend that kind of money every year. That is without the pollution costs,

the damage to the planet, disease from second hand smoke and the building

materials that have been squandered by burning the furniture to heat the house.

What about next year's money: supply side or "OUR" side?

The street view and the earmarks already allocated for all this is the conversion capital.

The answer my friend is blowin in the wind _second hand smoke.

In the USA we use about four gallons of diesel equivalent BTU per day per person. A dedicated 100 sq. ft. of concentrator collector per family in the Solar Hydrogen Economy would provide two gallons of diesel equivalent per family. The solar budget will dictate a consolidation of foot print events reducing the energy per person by 80%. The Solar Hydrogen Economy explains how the solar budget can be addressed while providing a universal standard of living, which is sharable to our children of the universe who have aright to be here.

Gallium PV's will probably do about 20% on average
2000 sq.mi. is an area the size of Rhode Island (Colorado 60K Texas
260K) but spread out in already owned back yards, vacant lots, deserts and
hot spots nobody would miss it and little new land would need to be
dedicated to energy. Think of all the land we gain back from the
elimination of the carbon thing. .If the Hydrogen fuel is shipped to the
end user first only 35 % or less of the anticipated fuel use will be
needed due to the total use factor of co-gen. The idea is to create
enough for local use and ship the rest north on the gas grid for the
folks who live in areas where they can't produce their own, for transport
and industry.

To stretch your solar budget:

The solar cooker does a meal for a household with 4 sq.ft. so use one this
saves solar storage space, transportation costs, cuts down on need for
surrogate supply and is made from cardboard and aluminum foil, low
impact. It replaces the polluting barbecue.

Refrigeration (1/3of the conventional electric demand 2/3 if air
conditioning)if this were converted to direct flame (Servel system H2
flame)it is 10 times more energy efficient than electric compressor(no
breakdowns) and you can better that with cogen by sharing the flame using
bimetallics, IR photovoltaics or a Stirling generator (a candle can run a radio about 50
watts)

A combination Flame powered Stirling electric generator and refrigeration
cycle is almost ready for production.DEMAND IT !!!
The fuel is a reality now.DEMAND IT!!!.

The concentrator collector can be used directly: to produce central cold
(ammonia in the absorber as one of the functions) which can also be
stored as a block of ice, phase change materials or the ground PAHS)

The ground is 50-60 degrees F 10 ft below the surface the world around
200 lineal ft. 4in.diameter pipe buried in the ground 10 ft. below the
surface =a ton of air conditioning(1200kw/hr saving), if a water well is
used only 100 ft of 1in. diameter pipe. per ton is required so use it. It
is 50 degrees hot in winter and cool in summer.(A.I.A. seminar Fall 83
New Orleans)

Heat from any source can be stored years in advance in the ground simply
by isolating and insulating it and piping in the waste heat from attics,
greenhouses, stoves , and solar collectors.
Hot water is mostly for bathing and laundry, adds to the volume of water
to be processed, and 40% of the energy bill for a family of
five.

A mist shower(Bucky) takes a cup of water with steam from the collector
as does the laundry.

Water can be drastically reduced by the laundry and shower needs lessened
now the toilet; use digestor sewerage and no water, also digests
garbage. Pyrolysis will eliminate the rest.

When the water need is reduced below 1/10, the water service and all
the energy needed to pump, provide,and then treat it are no longer a
requirement. http://raenergy.igc.org/consolidation.html

A dew point accumulator, catching rainwater and recycling can do it.
This eliminates the water well , municipal water supply, the septic
system, city sewerage infrastructure, garbage collection, the energy
required and the taxes involved for all this pork. This makes
almost any land livable lowering the cost of land and allows people to
live where they want rather in captive areas of mandatory consumption.
This is not achievable in many already built areas or all at once so
we have to design for the new and retrofitable and for people who are
just now looking for the way of life they heard about and we wasted
before they ever got a chance. We can give the 20-20 hind sight
information and start their advance to new civilization the way "WE"
should have if "WE" weren't blinded by misinformation and greed.
This is a project for groups in cities and towns rather than state
and federal govts. and big corporations. The electric and Hydrogen gas
grid fed from the users out( rather than the way the carbon
system has used us) is a definitive way of diffusing the gridlock on the
planet.

The financing and the development of deployment is easier if a group of
groups participate, the diversity reduces the chance of this becoming
just another get rich scheme. Frank Lloyd Wright gave the idea of the
concrete block so nobody got a patent and buried the idea. Bucky talked
about legally piggaly.

This is the same kind of need fulfillment. The concept can be
shared, taught and spread by mutual consultation. The people who will
benefit will design the system that most suits them not the surrogate
supplier. We were never asked to recite the Bill of Rights in celebration
of our selves just the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag in celebration of
the politicians, God King throw backs who wrap themselves in it, the
worship of the emperor's new cloths.
It is "OUR" right to vote this to happen.

The country has no energy policy because the politicians threw it out.
The world has no life support policy because exploitation is profitable.
For the awakening global citizen the task at hand is Gaianomics.
"WE" thank each other for "OUR" support.

"WE THE PEOPLE">
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

I would give a seminar to those who qualify ie. a workshop or what ever.

We worked out the formula for the curve in the early seventies and have put it into machined metal templates. Rather than go through the expense of machining new templates we choose to demonstrate and produce molds you can use to duplicate the technology directly. Calculating the curve and transferring it to templates was time consuming and costly and we feel we have the right to disseminate it the way we feel is the most equitable for all concerned _ The concerned being everybody not just a few.

We plan to begin only after we have ten people lined up for a seminar who will have ten people signed up for a seminar they will give etc. We will probably begin when we have about a thousand people(three generations) ready to pass this information in seminar. We will only give the first seminar ie. to those 'you' invite.

You need to get at least ten people who will sign a contract stipulating that they will give a seminar to teach ten people they find who also have signed a contract promising to do the same. I will then come with the templates etc. and show you how to do it and how you can show others.

You will ask them to give you enough money for my traveling expenses, an assistant, for my time and some money for supplies which will be needed to build you a functioning unit. When done you will have a functioning unit. Each of the people that you have invited under contract will in turn have a completed unit made for them by the ten people they invite who also pay them for their time and supplies. Every body gets a copy of the templates to use to teach and get started in their solar farm or enterprise making them for others.

It would be to our advantage to find a diverse group some who knew concrete, possibly a mold maker, and people who know metal fabrication etc. Some of the people will be asked to scout for materials so we can discover new sources of suppliers. Each group will discover new aspects of the technologies as the teaching-research exercise progresses, which they will in turn share with the previous and following groups via Internet lists and web sites, which is available to anybody.

All this being public domain, anybody can create any of it for themselves or as cottage industry for others. The only stipulation is that they share any new discoveries they make as we are doing with our research. Frank Lloyd Wright developed the concept of the concrete block made it public domain ie. nobody could patent it. No monopoly could be established and consequently millions of families are in the pre-cast and building materials business because of this. Millions of relatively unskilled people are now capable of creating simple masonry structures and with the reduced costs of concrete blocks over brick, ended the brick monopoly.

This quick start up will create the mass market for the cottage industry for peripheral equipment and the increased interest will spur on the research. The Stirling generators, IR PVs, new electrolysis innovations for the Hydrogen Economy, innovative absorbers pumps, process heat, cottage industry molding machines, your idea here etc. all these technologies are a possible cottage industry for the very people you invite and would be something to mention to the people your ask.

We have anticipated this to be a cottage industry for the planet. So you ask for the details and I ask you to do even more.

We developed the concentrator collector for the Hydrogen Economy. You might check out our URL http://raenergy.igc.org/stupid.html

Solar swarm a seminar on the Hydrogen Economy.
http://raenergy.igc.org/solarswarm.html

DOWN LOAD OFF AXIS PARABOLA gif

"20 hydrogen myths"
http://www.rmi.org/images/other/Energy/E03-05_20HydrogenMyths.pdf

In Solidarity
Raleigh

Time exists so everything won't happen all at once, nor did this, but I can show how it evolved.
WORKSHEET BIO

http://raenergy.igc.org/bio.html

Please email me at ramyers@igc.apc.org

RA ENERGY FDN.

[EARTH HOUR][RA ENERGY ] [HYDROGEN ECONOMY] [C21-CITY SCAPE]

[CONSTITUTION)[PREMISE] [INDEX TOPICS] [LINKS] [EMAIL]